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It is important to know what is a hate crime. When a hate crime is committed, one or more perpetrators target the victim, which can be one or more people or property, because of a protected aspect of the victim's identity, such as religion or ethnicity, race, sexual orientation or disability. Similarly, a hate incident is an act of hostility motivated by prejudice or bias that does not necessarily reach the threshold of a criminal offence, or the criminal nature of which is yet to be determined. A hate crime is any crime where the perpetrator is driven by prejudice or bias. Criminal offence + bias motive = hate crime.

Russian Federation (Annex). Violation of Estonian Airspace by the Russian Federation on 19 September 2025. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Special military operation to demilitarize and denazify Ukraine. Military transparency of the Russian Federation and provocative military action by NATO member States. Moldova’s violation of OSCE commitments in the context of the parliamentary election of 28 September 2025.

96th Joint Meeting of the Forum for Security Co-operation and the Permanent Council

Russian Federation (Annex 1). The Russian Federation’s ongoing aggression against Ukraine. Address by the Co-Chairs of the Geneva International Discussions. Report by the Head of the OSCE Programme Office in Astana, Ambassador Alexey Rogov. Moscow Mechanism invoked by 41 participating States, following consultations with Ukraine, to address treatment of Ukrainian prisoners of war by the Russian Federation (Ukraine, Annex 2). Increasing military involvement of certain NATO and EU member States in yet more confrontation in and around Ukraine.

1535th Plenary Meeting of the Permanent Council

1535th Plenary Meeting of the Permanent Council