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Sir Paul Lever is a British diplomat. He was the member of delegation of the United Kingdom to the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) that negotiated the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, he was a head of the UK delegation to the talks in Helsinki in 1992. In this interview, concluded as a part of the project of the OSCE Documentation Centre in Prague, Sir Paul Lever describes the road that led from Helsinki to the negotiation of the Charter for a New Europe in Paris in 1990. He reflects on the significance of the Charter and its legacy for the present day. He spoke with former OSCE researcher-in-residence Jakub Csabay.

Ambassador Jerzy Maria Nowak is a Polish diplomat. He was a member of the Polish delegation that negotiated the Helsinki Final Act in 1975 and the Charter of Paris in 1990. In this interview, he describes the road that led from Helsinki to the negotiation of the Charter for a New Europe in Paris in 1990. He reflects on the significance of the Charter and its legacy for the present day. He spoke with former OSCE researcher in residence Jan Brodowski.

Ambassador Antonio Armellini was roving ambassador to the Conference on Security and Co- operation in Europe (CSCE) from 1990 to 1992. In this interview, he recalls the negotiations leading to the signing of the Charter of Paris for a New Europe in 1990 and reflects on the Charter’s legacy for the present day. He spoke with former OSCE researcher in residence Gian Lorenzo Zichi (PhD, University of Cagliari, Italy).

John J. Maresca is a former American diplomat who was closely involved in the preparations and negotiations leading to the 1975 Helsinki Final Act as deputy head of the United States (US) delegation to the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) and was later head of the US delegation which negotiated the 1990 Charter of Paris for a New Europe. In this interview, concluded as a part of the project of the OSCE Documentation Centre in Prague, Ambassador Maresca describes the road that led from Helsinki to Paris. He reflects on the significance of the Paris Charter and its legacy for the present day. He spoke with Ida Manton, alumna of the Researcher-in-Residence programme and an expert supporting the implementation of the Living Memory Project.

Ambassador Marianne von Grünigen of Switzerland covered the negotiations of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) on the Charter of Paris for a New Europe and its aftermath from 1989 to 1993. She was the first female Swiss diplomat to head the Swiss delegation to the CSCE. In this interview, concluded as a part of the project of the OSCE Documentation Centre in Prague, Ambassador von Grünigen reflects on the significance of the CSCE process that began with the signed at the Summit Meeting on August 1st, 1975, the negotiation of the Helsinki Final Act drafting of the 1990 Paris Charter and its legacy for the present day. She spoke with Ida Manton, alumna of the OSCE Researcher-in-Residence programme and an expert supporting the implementation of Living Memories Project.