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The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has been requested by the Speaker of the Parliament to review and provide comments on the draft "Referendum Law on the State Status of the Republic of Montenegro" of 10 October 2001. The law is a lex specialis including 17 clauses, and is additional to the Referendum Law adopted on 19 February 2001, which was reviewed in detail by ODIHR in the Assessment published on 6 July 2001 (annexed herewith). Article 16 of the Draft Referendum Law on the State Status of the Republic of Montenegro specifically incorporates the provisions of the "Referendum Law (Official Gazette number 9/2001)" to apply "to the issues which are not regulated by this Law." This review should accordingly be read in conjunction with the Assessment of 6 July.

Working Session 1: Rule of Law I, Human Dimension Implementation Meeting Warsaw, 29 September- 10 October 2008

Report on the implementation of the Constitutional Law on the Rights of National Minorities (CLNM)

1523rd Plenary Meeting of the Permanent Council

Law no. 8577, dated 10 February 2000, On the Organization and Functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania

Translated law

This assessment reviews and comments on the Law on Referendum, dated 19 February 2001, for conducting referendums in the Republic of Montenegro/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This assessment is based on unofficial English translations of the following: (1) the Referendum Law, consisting of forty-four (44) articles, (2) Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives of the Republic of Montenegro (2000),2 (3) Law on Registers of Electors of the Republic of Montenegro (2000),3 (4) Citizenship Law of the Republic of Montenegro (1999),4 (5) Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro (1992), (6) Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992), and (7) Citizenship Law of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (published in the Official Gazette of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, No. 33/96). This assessment reviews and comments on the text of the Referendum Law only, and should not be construed as an endorsement or recommendation for a referendum in the Republic of Montenegro; nor should this assessment be construed as an endorsement or approval of any question that may be subsequently decided by a referendum.

 

The advancement of gender equality is not only a matter of social justice, but also an economic imperative in the drive towards financial inclusion, financial literacy, and financial independence for women. While the technology and finance sectors have long grappled with gender disparities, the unique characteristics of blockchain and virtual assets present their own set of complexities. The gender gap in blockchain literacy and in the virtual assets sector is a multifaceted challenge that warrants close examination. This report focuses on the extent of the gender gap within the new technology realm and its implications in four OSCE participating States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Moldova. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to this divide and propose actionable strategies to bridge it. The analysis highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by women, such as the gender disparities in Web 3.0 education, understanding and skills, including ownership and utilization of cryptocurrencies and provides a series of recommendations which the OSCE and other organizations can take to address gender disparities in digital finance.