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Prepared by Dr Andrei Richter, Director of the Media Law and Policy Centre at the Faculty of Journalism, Lomonosov Mosco State University

Information Exchange on Participating States’ Policy and/or National Practices and Procedures for the Export of Conventional Arms and Related Technology

It is important to now what is a hate crime. When a hate crime is committed, one or more perpetrators target the victim, which can be one or more people or property, because of a protected aspect of the victim's identity, such as religion or ethnicity, race, sexual orientation or disability. Similarly, a hate incident is an act of hostility motivated by prejudice or bias that does not necessarily reach the threshold of a criminal offence, or the criminal nature of which is yet to be determined. A hate crime is any crime where the perpetrator is driven by prejudice or bias. Criminal offence + bias motive = hate crime

Written contributions, Upholding the Rule of Law and Due Process in Criminal Justice Systems Warsaw, 10-12 May 2006

1089th Plenary Meeting of the Permanent Council

In this document, Members of Parliament from across the OSCE region, who gathered in Helsinki on 3–4 June 2025 for the workshop “Realising Gender Equality in and by Parliaments”, reaffirm their commitment to building parliaments that reflect equality and diversity. They aim for gender parity (50:50 between women and men) and for inclusive representation of all voices — across generations and backgrounds.

Working Session 2- Fundamental Freedoms I, Review Conference Warsaw, 30 September-8 October 2010

1323rd Plenary Meeting of the Permanent Council

Statement on "Working together to promote democracy and support freedom, the rule of law and human rights worldwide", the White House, Office of the Press Secretary