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Legal Opinions and Comments

  • Poland: Note on Certain Aspects Related to Suspension of Limitation Periods for Disciplinary and Criminal Offences Committed by Judges and Prosecutors
    This Note primarily addresses the topic of the suspension of limitation periods for criminal acts and disciplinary offenses that may have been committed by judges and prosecutors – or carried out at their direction – that may not have been pursued due to “political reasons”.
    Report
    31 July 2025
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  • Moldova: Opinion on the Draft Code on the Organization and Functioning of the Parliament of Moldova (Aspects Related to the Representative Functions of the Parliament)
    In this document, ODIHR makes recommendations on how to further enhance the Draft Code on the Organization and Functioning of the Parliament of Moldova (Aspects Related to the Representative Functions of the Parliament)
    Report
    7 July 2025
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  • Moldova: Opinion on the Draft Code on the Organization and Functioning of the Parliament (Regarding the Procedure for Declaring a State of Emergency, Siege or War, Chapter V)
    In this document, ODIHR makes recommendations on how to further enhance the Draft Code on the Organization and Functioning of the Parliament of Moldova (Regarding the Procedure for Declaring a State of Emergency, Siege or War, Chapter V).
    Report
    7 July 2025
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  • Serbia: Opinion on further Updated Draft Law on Amendments to the Law on the Unified Voter Register
    In this document, ODIHR makes recommendations to further enhance the proposed amendments to the Law on the Unified Voter Register.
    Report
    10 July 2025
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  • Ukraine: Opinion on the Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Usage of Passenger Information for Combating Terrorism, Serious and Especially Serious Crimes"
    In this document, ODIHR makes recommendations to further enhance the compliance of the Draft Law with applicable regional and international human rights standards and OSCE commitments.
    Report
    13 June 2025
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  • Estonia: Opinion on the Regulation of Internet Voting
    On 17 September 2024, the Second Vice-President of the Riigikogu (Estonian Parliament), Mr. Arvo Aller, submitted a request to the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) to review the legislative framework governing internet voting in Estonia's parliamentary, local, and European Parliament elections. The Opinion and the analysis presented herein are a response to this request.
    Report
    18 June 2025
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  • Montenegro: Opinion on the Laws of Montenegro Governing Voter Registration
    This Opinion identifies several issues meriting attention in Montenegro’s voter registration legislation - Law on the Voter Register, Law on the Registers for Permanent and Temporary Residence, Law on Montenegrin Citizenship and Law on Identity Card
    Report
    10 June 2025
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  • Montenegro: Opinion on the Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament and the Law on Election of the President
    A comprehensive review of Montenegro’s existing legal framework governing elections and political parties to assess compliance with international standards and OSCE commitments, ensure effective implementation and inform future reform efforts.
    Report
    10 June 2025
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