The OSCE involvement in transport matters goes back to the adoption of the Helsinki Final Act (1975), the Bonn Document (1990) and the Maastricht Strategy Document for the OSCE Economic and Environmental Dimension (2003).

Under the 2006 Belgian Chairmanship, the OSCE's economic and environmental activities were developed under the objective Transportation in the OSCE area: Secure transportation, networks and transport development to enhance regional economic co-operation and stability.

At the annual OSCE Ministerial Council in Brussels (2006) the 56 OSCE participating States adopted Decision No. 11/06 on Future Transport Dialogue in the OSCE (link to the right).